{"id":1108,"date":"2012-12-30T02:37:53","date_gmt":"2012-12-30T00:37:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/?page_id=1108"},"modified":"2012-12-30T02:43:31","modified_gmt":"2012-12-30T00:43:31","slug":"tasavvuf-tarihine-kisa-bir-bakis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/turkce\/tasavvuf-nedir\/tasavvuf-tarihine-kisa-bir-bakis\/","title":{"rendered":"Tasavvuf Tarihine K\u0131sa Bir Bak\u0131\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hz. Muhammed (sav) ve ashab\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131nda, Tasavvuf terimi ayr\u0131 bir disiplin olarak varolmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dahas\u0131, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n maneviyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde ve ayr\u0131lamaz olarak zaten mevcuttu. Ashab\u0131n, Peygamber\u2019in eliyle, manevi e\u011fitimlerini g\u00fcndelik hayatlar\u0131na tatbik ettikleri \u2018isimsiz bir ger\u00e7eklikti\u2019. O, onlar\u0131n \u2018ya\u015fayan modelleri\u2019 ve ilham kaynaklar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"Peygamber\u2019in ashab\u0131, tarihsel anlamda ilk Mutassav\u0131flar olarak addedilebilirler \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla niyaz ve dua (zikr) toplant\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki Kur\u2019an vahyinin ya\u015fayan bir \u00f6rnekleriydiler:<\/p>\n

\u2018Nefsince de o kullarla beraber sabret ki sabah ak\u015fam (her vakit) rablar\u0131na du\u00e2 eder, cemalini isterler, sen D\u00fcnya ziynetini arzu ederek onlardan g\u00f6zlerini ay\u0131rma ve o kimseye itaat etme ki kalbini zikrimizden gafil b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f\u0131z, keyfinin ard\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve i\u015fi haddini a\u015fmak olmu\u015f\u2019 (Kur\u2019an, Kehf Suresi, 18:28)<\/p>\n

Bu sebeplerle a\u015fikar ki, Peygamber (sav), ilahi emri,\u00a0 ashab\u0131 ile s\u00fcrekli Allah\u2019\u0131 zikretmek i\u00e7in alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hz. Muhammed\u2019in (sav) ashab\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu yabanc\u0131 uyrukluydu (\u00f6r: Etyopyal\u0131 Bilal, Fars Selman.) Kurey\u015f kabilesinin soylular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bir \u00e7ok eziyete ve adaletsizli\u011fe maruz kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hem maddi fakirlikleri hem de y\u00fcksek manevi emelleri, onlar\u0131n fakir diye adland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur (Allah\u2019\u0131n huzurunda fakir anlam\u0131nda.)<\/p>\n

\"\"Hz.Ali (ks), Peygamber\u2019in yak\u0131n ashab\u0131, kuzeni ve damad\u0131 idi. Allah\u2019\u0131n Peygamber\u2019inin manevi miras\u0131n\u0131n aktar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n esas zincirinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olarak kabul edilir. Vahyin di\u011fer aktar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Enes bin Malik (ra) ve Selman-\u0131 Farisi (ra) vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tarihin \u00f6tesinde, Tasavvuf, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n daha derin maneviyat\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder, ya da bir di\u011fer deyi\u015fle, Hakikat\u2019\u0131 (i\u00e7sel, asli ger\u00e7e\u011fi).<\/p>\n

Bu sebepten \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr ki Tasavvuf\u2019un i\u00e7sel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini, daha hen\u00fcz o d\u00f6nemde \u201cTasavvuf\u201d kelimesi dahi kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde ilk nesil zahitlerinin uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 karakterize eder. Hucv\u00eer\u00ee Hazretleri der ki: \u201cAshab\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n varislerinin zaman\u0131nda, bu isim yoktu ama i\u015faret etti\u011fi ger\u00e7eklik hepsi taraf\u0131ndan yakinen bilinmekteydi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tasavvuf, kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kur\u2019an\u2019\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde bulunan \u0130lahi I\u015f\u0131k ve \u0130lahi S\u0131rlar\u2019dan al\u0131r. Tam da bu sebeplerden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, mutasavv\u0131flar, Tasavvuf\u2019u Allah\u2019a yak\u0131n olma deneyiminden \u00e7\u0131kan bilgi olarak a\u00e7\u0131klarlar. Bu bilgi, Kur\u2019an ayetlerinde zaten varolmakta olan imkanlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye hizmet eder. Tasavvuf\u2019un geli\u015fimi, toplumda Kur\u2019an\u2019da bulunan bilgi, ilim, ve prensiplerin ifadelendirilmesine duyulan ihtiyaca bir cevap niteli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Dahas\u0131, Peygamber\u2019in (sav) hadisinde, Tasavvuf\u2019un \u00f6z\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a form\u00fcle edilmektedir: \u201cAllah\u2019a O\u2019nu g\u00f6r\u00fcyormu\u015f\u00e7as\u0131na ibadet edin, siz O\u2019nu g\u00f6rmeseniz de O sizi g\u00f6rmektedir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"Mutasavv\u0131flar ve din alimleri, bu ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k halinin, kalbi Allah\u2019tan ba\u015fka her\u015feyden ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi olan Peygamber\u2019in (sav) y\u00fcce karakterini ifade etti\u011fi hususunda hemfikirdirler. Hi\u00e7 kimse, Peygamber\u2019in (sav) y\u00fcce karakterini, ashab\u0131n\u0131n ve onlar\u0131 izleyen neslin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar hayata ge\u00e7iremedi. Bu sebeple, terimin tarihsel k\u00f6keni her ne olursa olsun, mutasavv\u0131flar, t\u00fcm ashab\u0131n ger\u00e7ek mutasavv\u0131flar oldu\u011funa ikna olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hz. Muhammed (sav) ve ashab\u0131n\u0131n zaman\u0131nda, Tasavvuf terimi ayr\u0131 bir disiplin olarak varolmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dahas\u0131, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n maneviyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde ve ayr\u0131lamaz olarak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1106,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1108","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1108"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1110,"href":"https:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1108\/revisions\/1110"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1106"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rifai.org\/sufism\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}